In-transit travel disruption detection and mitigation

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for in-transit detection and mitigation of transportation service disruptions in the travel industry using fragmented source data. A notification including a record identifier is received. The notification identifies a disruption element created upon detecting a disruption event that impacts a segment of an itinerary. The record identifier corresponds to a reservation record that was generated responsive to reserving the itinerary. The reservation record is accessed to obtain data stored in the disruption element that indicates a net difference between a base state of the segment when ticketed and an actual state of the segment when the segment terminates. A disruption metric quantifying a relative impact of disruption events on the segment is determined using that disruption element data. One or more mitigation options that reduce the disruption metric are identified. An instruction is triggered that causes a remote service to effectuate those mitigation options.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to disruption management in the travel industry, although not limited thereto. More specifically, the present invention relates to techniques for in-transit detection and mitigation of transportation service disruptions in the travel industry.

BACKGROUND

Despite best efforts to avoid them, events that disrupt transportation services (“disruption events”) are a persistent challenge faced by both travel providers and the passengers they serve. As used herein, a “disruption event” refers to a specific occurrence (or incident) that defines a deviation from normal operating conditions for a travel provider. When a segment of an itinerary is impacted by a disruption event, a state of that segment is different than a base state of that segment at a time the itinerary was ticketed. Examples of disruption events include flight delays or cancellations, changes in seat assignments or cabin class, unscheduled stopovers, changes in stopover locations, unscheduled ground transfers, reduced connection times, and the like.

From a passenger's perspective, any deviations between the travel service they purchased and the travel service actually received will at minimum negatively impact the passenger's perception of the travel provider that provided the travel service. Such deviations may also prevent (or at least delay) the passenger from reaching a scheduled meeting or vacation destination that prompted that travel. From a travel provider's perspective, such deviations impacting a travel service between two cities can have a ripple effect throughout their travel service networks.

Conventional systems generally detect disruption events using reservation record data. However, disruption events can arise for any number of reasons that may not be reflected in reservation record data: including mechanical problems with equipment, crew availability, or weather conditions. Moreover, conventional systems that log disruption events will often create a separate entry in a reservation record for each disruption event detected. As some passengers may attest, a single segment of a travel itinerary can be impacted by a sequence of disruption events. For example, a scheduled departure time of travel conveyance servicing a segment may be delayed numerous times. Yet, in other instances, the scheduled departure time may initially be delayed by some time and then later advanced to the originally scheduled departure time. When that happens, conventional systems may detect and separately log two disruption events even though there was no aggregated disruption—the travel conveyance departed at the originally scheduled departure time.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for in-transit detection and mitigation of transportation service disruptions in the travel industry. In an embodiment, a system includes a computing device and a computer-readable storage medium that includes a set of instructions. Upon execution by the computing device, the set of instructions cause the system to receive a notification that identifies a disruption element created in response to detection of a disruption event that impacts a segment of an itinerary. A reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the notification is accessed to obtain data stored in the disruption element. The reservation record is generated in a reservation database in response to reserving the itinerary. The data stored in the disruption element is indicative of a net difference between a base state of the segment at a time of the ticketing and an actual state of the segment at a time the segment terminates. A disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the segment is determined using the data stored in the disruption element. In one embodiment, one or more predefined tables/rules that specify relative impacts of particular disruption events are also used to determine the relative impact of disruption events on the segment. At least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric is identified. An instruction is triggered that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option.

In another embodiment, a method includes detecting receiving a notification that identifies a disruption element created in response to detection of a disruption event that impacts a segment of an itinerary. A reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the notification is accessed to obtain data stored in the disruption element. The reservation record is generated in a reservation database in response to reserving the itinerary. The data stored in the disruption element is indicative of a net difference between a base state of the segment at a time of the ticketing and an actual state of the segment at a time the segment terminates. A disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the segment is determined using the data stored in the disruption element. In one embodiment, one or more predefined tables/rules that specify relative impacts of particular disruption events are also used to determine the relative impact of disruption events on the segment. At least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric is identified. An instruction is triggered that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option.

In another embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including computer-readable instructions is provided. Upon execution by a processor of a computing device, the computer-readable instructions cause the computing device to receive a notification that identifies a disruption element created in response to detection of a disruption event that impacts a segment of an itinerary. A reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the notification is accessed to obtain data stored in the disruption element. The reservation record is generated in a reservation database in response to reserving the itinerary. The data stored in the disruption element is indicative of a net difference between a base state of the segment at a time of the ticketing and an actual state of the segment at a time the segment terminates. A disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the segment is determined using the data stored in the disruption element. In one embodiment, one or more predefined tables/rules that specify relative impacts of particular disruption events are also used to determine the relative impact of disruption events on the segment. At least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric is identified. An instruction is triggered that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option.

In embodiments, the instruction that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option is triggered prior to the time that the segment terminates. In embodiments, the instruction that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option is triggered following the time that the segment terminates. In embodiments, the disruption metric is compared to a threshold value before triggering the instruction, wherein the instruction is triggered in response to determining that the threshold value is met. In embodiments, the threshold value is based on how much advance notice of the first disruption event was provided, a ratio of a net difference in a scheduled arrival time of the first segment provided by the disruption element to an overall travel time of the first segment, a composite disruption metric stored in a user profile associated with the itinerary, a pecuniary value of any prior compensations associated with the itinerary, a loyalty program status level associated with the itinerary, a cabin class associated with the first segment, a root cause of the first disruption event, eligibility to access a lounge associated with a travel provider servicing the first segment, frequency of travel conveyances servicing the first segment, or a combination thereof.

In embodiments, an overall travel time of the itinerary is reduced by effectuating the at least one mitigation option. In embodiments, a predictive model trained using a disruption log database identifies the at least one mitigation option, the disruption log database composed of disruption-related data associated with previous itineraries. In embodiments, an estimated travel time of the itinerary is determined based on the data stored in the disruption element at the time the instruction is triggered. In embodiments, an actual travel time of the itinerary is determined at a time that the itinerary terminates. In embodiments, the disruption log database is updated with the estimated travel time, the actual travel time, and the at least one mitigation option. In embodiments, the disruption log database is analyzed to assign a weight to a disruption-related feature that reflects a statistical significance of the disruption-related feature in determining a relative impact of disruption events on itinerary segments.

In embodiments, the plurality of mitigation options are defined by a travel provider servicing the segment. In embodiments, the plurality of mitigation options include: providing an alternative travel arrangement that reduces an overall travel time of the itinerary, upgrading a seating assignment for the first segment or a second segment of the itinerary, upgrading a cabin class of the first segment or a second segment of the itinerary, sending an apology message, sending an offer that is redeemable for future travel at a reduced fare, granting access to a lounge associated with a travel provider servicing the first segment, granting priority on waitlists, flagging the itinerary to notify agents of a travel provider servicing the first segment that a passenger associated with the itinerary is entitled to preferential treatment, refunding a portion of a fare paid for the itinerary, or a combination thereof.

In embodiments, the disruption event is detected using data obtained from a plurality of fragmented sources. In embodiments, the plurality of fragmented sources include a customer management departure control system (“DCS-CM”) associated with a travel provider servicing the first segment, a flight management departure control system (“DCS-FM”) associated with the travel provider, an inventory system associated with the travel provider, or a combination thereof. In embodiments, the notification is received from a data sink effectuated by a reservation system hosting the reservation database.

In embodiments, a second notification is received that identifies a second disruption element created in response to detection of a second disruption event that impacts the first segment of the itinerary. In embodiments, a third notification is received that identifies a third disruption element created in response to detection of a third disruption event that impacts a second segment of the itinerary. In embodiments, the reservation record is flagged for expedited handling in response to receiving the second notification or the third notification. In embodiments, flagging the reservation record grants access to additional mitigation options not among the plurality of mitigation options. In embodiments, an alert configured to elicit further action by an agent of a travel provider servicing a second segment is transmitted in response to flagging the reservation record.

In embodiments, the disruption event is a delay in an arrival time of a travel conveyance servicing the segment, an unscheduled stopover location being added, a scheduled stopover location being replaced with an unscheduled stopover location, a change in a cabin class associated with the segment, a ground transfer being added, a modification of the segment that results in a reduced connection time, a special service request associated with the segment being unfulfilled, a modification of a seat map corresponding to a travel conveyance servicing the segment, a modification of a seating protocol established by a travel provider operating the travel conveyance, or a combination thereof. In embodiments, identifying the at least one mitigation option further includes performing a root-cause analysis on data stored in the first disruption element.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention and, together with the general description of the invention given above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts in the various views.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example operating environment that is suitable for implementing aspects of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example reservation system that is suitable for implementing aspects of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a swimlane diagram illustrating a travel reservation process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example operating environment that is suitable for implementing aspects of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow-chart illustrating an example of a method for in-transit detection and mitigation of transportation service disruptions in the travel industry.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example computing environment suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Techniques described herein relate to in-transit detection and mitigation of transportation service disruptions in the travel industry. Referring to FIG. 1, an example operating environment for implementing aspects of the present invention is illustrated and designated generally 100. In general, operating environment 100 represents the various systems involved in processing travel reservations for users (e.g., customers or passengers) in the travel industry. Operating environment 100 includes client device 110, provider reservation system (PRS) 120, and global reservation system (GRS) 130. As depicted in FIG. 1, the various systems communicate with each other via network 140, which may include one or more public and/or private networks. Examples of networks that are suitable for implementing network 140 include: local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), cellular network, the Internet, and the like.

In operation, client device 110 interacts with PRS 120 and/or GRS 130 to obtain data related to travel services (“travel-related data”) and services related to booking travel services (“travel-related services”). Examples of travel-related data include inventory data, fare data, routing data, scheduling data, and the like. Examples of travel-related services include reserving travel services that define an itinerary, ticketing the reserved travel services that define an itinerary, and the like. For the purposes of the present disclosure, an “itinerary” refers to a structured travel route between an origin location and a destination location. Examples of systems suitable for implementing client device 110 include: a smartphone, a laptop, a personal computer, a mobile computing device, a cryptic terminal, a remote server hosting a travel metasearch website, and the like.

PRS 120 is a computer reservation system configured to provide customers with both travel-related data and travel-related services associated with a particular travel provider. Examples of systems suitable for implementing PRS 120 are provided by Delta Air Lines, Incorporated of Atlanta, Ga., and American Airlines Group, Incorporated of Fort Worth, Tex.

GRS 130 is another computer reservation system configured to provide customers with both travel-related data and travel-related services. An example of a system suitable for implementing GRS 130 is provided by Amadeus IT Group of Madrid, Spain. In contrast to PRS 120, the travel-related data and travel-related services that GRS 130 provides is associated with multiple travel providers. In an embodiment, a reservation system described below with respect to FIG. 2 may be used to implement PRS 120, GRS, 130, or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, GRS 130 directly accesses travel-related data associated with a particular travel provider using a web service interface published by a remote server hosting that travel-related data. For example, an inventory management system of PRS 120 may publish a web service interface for accessing travel-related data associated with a particular travel provider. In an embodiment, a remote server periodically pushes travel-related data associated with a particular travel provider to GRS 130 where that travel-related data is locally replicated. For example, an inventory management system of PRS 120 may periodically push travel-related data associated with a particular travel provider to GRS 130 for local replication. In an embodiment, GRS 130 stores and manages travel-related data for PRS 120.

Each of the systems shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented via any type of computing system, such as computing system 600 described in greater detail below with respect to FIG. 6, for example. Each system shown in FIG. 1 may comprise a single device or multiple devices cooperating in a distributed environment. For instance, GRS 130 may be provided via multiple devices arranged in a distributed environment that collectively provide the functionality described herein. Additionally, other components not shown may also be included within the distributed environment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting an example reservation system 200 that is suitable for implementing aspects of the present invention. In an embodiment, reservation system 200 is implemented in PRS 120 of FIG. 1. In an embodiment, reservation system is implemented in GRS 130. As depicted in FIG. 2, reservation system 200 includes front-end systems 275 and back-end systems 285 that exchange data via a network 260 composed of public and private networks, such as the Internet and a reservation system intranet. Front-end systems 275, such as search engine 220, interact directly with clients (e.g., client device 110 of FIG. 1) of reservation system 200 during a travel reservation process. In contrast, clients of reservation system 200 are not exposed to back-end systems 285 that store the travel-related data and effectuate the travel-related services in reservation system 200, such as inventory management system 230, reservation management system 240, and ticket management system 250.

Web service 210 is configured to facilitate networked communications between front-end systems 275 of reservation system 200, such as search engine 220, and applications executing on a remote client device (e.g., client device 110 of FIG. 1). For example, during a search phase of a travel reservation process, search queries submitted by clients of reservation system 200 are directed to search engine 220 via web service 210. Search engine 220 is configured to identify search results having at least one itinerary that satisfies search parameters included in each search query. Examples of such search parameters may include: an origin location, a destination location, a departure date, a return date, a number of passengers associated with a travel request (“a number in party”), a booking class, a number of stops, a flight number, a travel provider identifier, a cabin class (e.g., First Class or Economy), and the like. Search engine 220 is further configured to communicate identified search results to the client devices via web service 210.

Inventory-related data for one or more travel providers is stored in inventory database 235 under the control of inventory management system 230. In an embodiment, inventory-related data includes availability information that defines unreserved travel services inventory. As used herein, “unreserved travel services inventory” relates to portions of a travel services inventory that are not associated with any reservation records stored in reservation database 245. In contrast, “reserved travel services inventory” relates to portions of a travel services inventory that are associated with one or more reservation records stored in reservation database 245. In an embodiment, inventory-related data includes fare information associated with the unreserved travel services inventory.

Reservation records for one or more travel providers are stored in reservation database 245 under the control of reservation management system 240. Reservation management system 240 is configured to interact with search engine 220 to process reservation requests received during a booking phase of a travel reservation process. In response to receiving a reservation request identifying a travel itinerary, reservation management system 240 generates a reservation record in reservation database 245. In an embodiment, the reservation record is a passenger name record (“PNR”). The reservation record includes itinerary data and a record locator that uniquely identifies the reservation record in reservation database 245. The record locator may also be referred to as a confirmation number, reservation number, confirmation code, booking reference, and the like.

Itinerary data generally includes travel information defining various travel services included in an itinerary and passenger information related to one or more passengers associated with the reservation record. Examples of travel information include: an origin location, a destination location, a departure date, a return date, a number in party, a booking class, a number of stops, a flight number, a travel provider identifier, a cabin class, and the like. Examples of passenger information, for each passenger among the one or more passengers associated with a reservation record, include: name, gender, date of birth, citizenship, home address, work address, passport information, and the like.

Ticket records for one or more travel providers are stored in ticketing database 255 under the control of ticket management system 250. Ticket management system 250 is configured to interact with search engine 220, inventory management system 230, and reservation management system 240 to process ticket issuance requests received during a ticketing phase of a travel reservation process. In processing ticket issuance requests, ticket management system 250 generates ticket records in ticketing database 255 for each travel service segment (“segment”) and each passenger associated with the reserved travel itinerary using travel information and passenger information in the reservation record.

For example, a reservation record may include passenger information related to two passengers. The reservation record may further include travel information defining two flight segments for travel from an origin location to a destination location via a stopover location and one flight segment for travel from the destination location to the origin location. In this example, the travel information defines three total flight segments for two passengers. In response to receiving a ticket issuance request associated the reservation record in this example, ticket management system 250 would generate six ticket records in ticketing database 255. Ticket management system 250 would submit a request to reservation management system 240 to update the reservation record stored in reservation database 245 to include six ticket numbers that identify each ticket record generated. That is, in this example, a single reservation record stored in reservation database 245 would include ticket numbers identifying six ticket records stored in ticketing database 255.

FIG. 3 is a swimlane diagram illustrating a travel reservation process 300 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown by FIG. 3, travel reservation process 300 may include three phases: a search phase 310, a booking phase 320, and a ticketing phase 330. During search phase 310, at block 312, client device 110 submits a search query to a search engine 220 hosted by a reservation system 200 via web service 210 to search for available travel services. The search query includes multiple search parameters related to one or more travel services identified in the travel request. For example, search parameters related to air travel services may include: an origin location, a destination location, a departure date, a return date, a number of passengers associated with the travel request (“a number in party”), a booking class, a number of stops, a flight number, a travel provider identifier, a cabin class (e.g., First Class or Economy), and the like. As another example, search parameters related to hotel travel services may include: an accommodation location, a check-in date, a check-out date, a number in party, and the like.

At block 314, search engine 220 parses the search query to extract the search parameters and generates a request for available travel services based on the search parameters. Search engine 220 transmits the request for available travel services to inventory management system 230. At block 316, inventory management system 230 may access inventory-related data stored in inventory database 235 to identify a subset of travel services in unreserved travel services inventory that satisfy the request. Inventory management system 230 responds to the request by transmitting data indicative of the identified subset of travel services in unreserved travel services inventory (“available travel services data”) to search engine 220. The search engine 220 may also access and retrieve pricing-related data (e.g., fares) for the travel services that is stored in a pricing database. At block 318, search engine 220 generates a search result including one or more recommendations for itineraries that satisfy the search parameters based on the available travel services data received from inventory management system 230 and the pricing-related data. Alternatively, the search engine 220 may be configured to identify a subset of priced travel options in a data cache to generate the search result satisfying the request. Search engine 220 sends the search result to client device 110 in response to the search query.

Travel reservation process 300 transitions from search phase 310 to booking phase 320 when a customer identifies a specific itinerary that satisfies parameters provided during search phase 310. For example, the customer may select one of the itineraries included in the search result sent by search engine 220 to client device 110 at block 318. During booking phase 320, at block 321, client device 110 submits a reservation request to search engine 220 via web service 210 to reserve the selected itinerary including at least one travel service. In an embodiment, the selected itinerary in the reservation request was included in a search result sent by search engine 220 during search phase 310. At block 322, search engine 220 initiates a reservation process executing on reservation management system 240 by forwarding the reservation request to reservation management system 240.

At block 323, the reservation process of reservation management system 240 parses the reservation request to extract the at least one travel service of the itinerary. Reservation management system 240 submits an availability request regarding the at least one travel service to inventory management system 230 and a pricing request regarding the at least one travel service to the pricing database. At block 324, inventory management system 230 accesses inventory-related data stored in inventory database 235 to confirm that the at least one travel service is in the unreserved travel services inventory. Inventory management system 230 generates an availability response having data indicative of whether the at least one travel service is in the unreserved travel services inventory at the time of booking. The availability response is sent by inventory management system 230 to reservation management system 240 in response to the availability request.

At block 325, reservation management system 240 generates a reservation record (e.g., a PNR) to reserve the at least one travel service of the itinerary for the customer. In generating the reservation record, reservation management system 240 submits a request to inventory management system 230 to update inventory database 235 accordingly. To update inventory database 235, any travel services included in the itinerary are associated with the record locator and transitioned from unreserved travel services inventory to reserved travel services inventory, at block 326. In an embodiment, inventory management system 230 interacts with an inventory management system of a travel provider to propagate the update of inventory database 235 to an inventory database of the travel provider.

Upon updating inventory database 235, inventory management system 230 may transmit a confirmation message to reservation management system 240. At block 327, reservation management system 240 sends the record locator to search engine 220 to confirm that the itinerary is reserved for the customer. At block 328, search engine 220 sends a reservation confirmation including the record locator to client device 110 in response to the reservation request.

Travel reservation process 300 transitions from booking phase 320 to ticketing phase 330 when payment is received for reserved travel services. During ticketing phase 330, at block 331, client device 110 submits a ticket issuance request to search engine 220 via web service 210. The received ticket issuance request identifies a record locator corresponding to a reserved itinerary generated by reservation management system 240 during booking phase 320. In an embodiment, a ticket issuance request is received after payment is received for a reserved itinerary. In an embodiment, payment for a reserved itinerary is received contemporaneously with the ticket issuance request.

At block 332, search engine 220 initiates a ticketing process executing on ticket management system 250 by forwarding the ticket issuance request to ticket management system 250. Upon receiving the ticket issuance request, ticket management system 250 transmits the record locator to reservation management system 240 at block 333. In response to the record locator, reservation management system 240 forwards a reservation record associated with the record locator to ticket management system 250 at block 334. At block 335, ticket management system 250 generates a ticket record in ticketing database 255 for the at least one travel service of the reserved itinerary using travel information and passenger information in the reservation record. In an embodiment, ticket management system 250 interacts with a ticket management system of a travel provider to propagate copies of the ticket records generated in ticketing database 255 to a ticketing database of the travel provider.

At block 336, upon generating the ticket record in ticketing database 255, ticketing management system 250 submits a request to reservation management system 240 to update the reservation record stored in reservation database 245 to include a ticket number that identifies the ticket record generated in block 335. In an embodiment, reservation management system 240 transmits a response message to ticketing management system 250 to confirm the update to reservation database 245 is complete. As discussed above with respect to FIG. 2, a single reservation record stored in reservation database 245 may include multiple ticket numbers that each identify a different ticket record stored in ticketing database 255.

At block 337, ticketing management system 250 sends the ticket number to search engine 220 to confirm that the ticket was issued for the travel service of the reserved itinerary. At block 338, search engine 220 sends a ticketing confirmation including the ticket number to client device 110 in response to the ticket issuance request. For purposes of the present disclosure, travel information provided in a reservation record when a ticketing confirmation is sent to a client device defines a “base state” of any travel services associated with the reservation record.

By way of example, a reservation record may include travel information for a multi-segment itinerary, as discussed above with respect to FIG. 2. In the example of FIG. 2, the reservation record included travel information defining two flight segments for travel from an origin location to a destination location via a stopover location and one flight segment for travel from the destination location to the origin location. When a ticketing confirmation is sent to a client device in this example, the travel information included in the reservation record would both define a base state of the multi-segment itinerary as a whole and a base state of each flight segment composing that itinerary.

Referring to FIG. 4, an example operating environment for implementing aspects of the present invention is illustrated and designated generally 400. Operating environment 400 generally represents the various systems involved in providing travel services to passengers (or customers) with existing travel reservations in the travel industry. In the example of FIG. 4, the travel services being provided relate to air travel. One skilled in the art will appreciate that travel services unrelated to air travel may be provided to passengers with existing travel reservations in accordance with the present invention. For example, travel services related to travel by bus, rail, car, boat, and the like may also be provided to passengers with existing travel reservations in accordance with the present invention.

Operating environment 400 includes aircraft 410, air traffic management (“ATM”) system 420, provider system 430, disruption management system 440 and network 450. Aircraft 410 is a travel conveyance that transports passengers and cargo within an airline route network operated by a travel provider. In transporting passengers and cargo within the route network, aircraft 410 services one or more flight segments of an itinerary associated with a reservation record. Aircraft 410 includes flight management system (“FMS”) 412 that enables aircraft 410 to exchange flight data with one or more external systems via network 450. For purposes of the present disclosure flight data includes flight plans, navigation data, and the like.

As used herein, “flight plans” refers to formal documents filed by pilots and/or travel providers with local, regional, or national aviation authorities (“aviation authorities”), such as the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) in the United States and EuroControl in the European Union. Flight plans include aircraft identification information (e.g., a flight number), aircraft specification information (e.g., type of aircraft, wake turbulence category, available communication/navigation equipment), flight path information (e.g., departure location, arrival location, en-route waypoints, estimated departure/arrival time, etc.), passenger/crew manifest, available fuel, and the like.

Navigation data refers to various information that is exchanged between aircraft 410 and one or more external systems while aircraft 410 is en-route between a departure location and an arrival location of a segment. Aircraft 410 is “en-route” during a period of time defined by departure time and an arrival time. A departure time is a point in time at which aircraft 410 separates from a jetway (passenger boarding bridge or skybridge) associated with a gate of an airport terminal at a departure location. An arrival time is a point in time at which aircraft 410 couples with a jetway associated with a gate of an airport terminal at an arrival location. Navigation data may include such information as a current position of aircraft 410, a direction of travel (heading information), waypoint-related information, speed, aircraft state data (e.g., weight, remaining fuel, engine speed, altitude, etc.), aircraft environmental information (e.g., air pressure, wind speed/direction, internal/external temperature, turbulence data, etc.), and the like.

In an embodiment, navigation data is exchanged between aircraft 410 and the external systems using flight messages. Flight messages may be exchanged using an Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (“ACARS”), an Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (“ATN”), a Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (“CPDLC”) system, a Future Air Navigation System (“FANS”), and the like. In an embodiment, flight messages include an Aircraft Initiated Movement Message (“MVA”) sent in a format defined by the International Air Transport Association (“IATA”) using an ACARS system of aircraft 410. In an embodiment, the one or more external systems forward navigation data to a flight data publication service, such as the System-Wide Information Management (“SWIM”) Flight Data Publication Service (“SFDPS”) operated by the FAA.

ATM system 420 is configured to monitor and direct aircraft operating on the ground adjacent to an airport facility (“airport”) and in controlled airspace to promote the safe and orderly operation of air traffic. In monitoring and directing aircraft, ATM system 420 detects and tracks aircraft using data received from various sources of radar data, verbal position reports received from aircraft operators (e.g., pilots), datalink position reports received from automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (“ADS-B”) components, and the like.

ATM system 420 includes an air traffic control tower (“ATCT”) 422 associated with a particular airport facility. ATM system 420 may additionally or alternatively include a Terminal Radar Approach Control (“TRACON”) system and/or an Air Route Traffic Control Center (“ARTCC”) system. When aircraft 410 is operating within an airspace assigned to a particular airport or on the ground adjacent to the particular airport, an ATCT (e.g., ATCT 422) provides air traffic control services to aircraft 410. When aircraft 410 is operating external to an airspace assigned to a particular airport, a TRACON system and/or an ARTCC system provide air traffic control services to aircraft 410.

For purposes of the present disclosure, air traffic control services include the provisioning of departure/arrival slot times to specific aircraft departing from a particular controlled airspace and/or airport and arriving at the particular controlled airspace and/or airport, respectively. An ATCT generally provisions a departure slot time to specific aircraft departing from a particular airport in response to receiving flight plans for the specific aircraft. For example, ATCT 422 may provision a departure slot time to aircraft 410 in response to receiving flight plans sent by FMS 412 via network 450. Also, ATCT 422 may also assign a specific aircraft to a particular gate of an airport terminal of that airport based in part on aircraft specification information received from departure control system-flight management (“DCS-FM”) 435 of provider system 430.

ATM system 420 may also provide various data feeds to aircraft operating on the ground adjacent to an airport and in controlled airspace. Such data feeds generally include: flight information service (“FIS”) data, Notice to Airmen messages (“NOTAM”), Terminal Weather Information for Pilots (“TWIP”), Automatic Terminal Information Service (“ATIS”) broadcasts, and the like. Such data feeds provide information regarding conflicting traffic conditions, meteorological conditions, active runways at a particular airport, available approaches to a particular airport, other possible hazards to flights, and the like.

Provider system 430 generally represents the various systems that a particular travel provider employs to provide travel services to passengers with existing travel reservations. As shown in FIG. 4, provider system 430 includes reservation system 431, departure control system-customer management (“DCS-CM”) 433, DCS-FM 435, and baggage processing system (“BPS”) 437. In an embodiment, reservation system 431 is implemented using reservation system 200 of FIG. 2.

DCS-CM 433 manages passenger-related operations for a particular travel provider at a specific airport. Such passenger-related operations generally include: interacting with a check-in device thereby enabling passengers with existing reservations to check-in for flights, issuing boarding cards to those passengers via the check-in device, updating reservations records associated with the existing reservations to reflect an appropriate status (e.g., checked-in, boarded, flown, etc.), initiating a baggage acceptance process with BPS 437, facilitating a boarding process with a gate agent workstation or mobile device, generating passenger manifests for a particular flight, and the like. Check-in devices may include: a mobile device of a passenger, a self-service check-in kiosk, a check-in counter workstation, a gate agent workstation, and the like.

DCS-FM 435 manages logistical-related operations for a particular travel provider at a specific airport. Such logistical-related operations generally include interacting with an inventory management system of reservation system 431 to assign an available aircraft (e.g., aircraft 410) from an inventory of a travel providers to service a particular segment. The process of assigning an aircraft to service a particular segment is typically referred to as a “tail assignment.” Logistical-related operations also include: assigning crew members to operate the assigned aircraft, identifying any special service requests annotated for a specific flight in reservation records stored in a reservation database of reservation system 431, interacting with an inventory management system of reservation system 431 to allocate available resources to satisfy such special service requests, determining appropriate load distributions for the assigned aircraft based in part on data received from BPS 437 and/or DCS-CM 433, interacting with FMS 412 to generate flight plans, transmitting Aircraft Movement Messages (“MVT”) to ATM system 420 in a format defined by IATA, and the like. As part of the tail assignment process, the inventory management system of reservation system 431 provides DCS-CM 433 with aircraft specification information thereby enabling DCS-CM 433 to tailor a seat map for the specific flight.

BPS 437 manages baggage-related operations for a particular travel provider at a specific airport. Such baggage-related operations generally involve accepting, tracking, and loading baggage and/or cargo. For example, BPS 437 may effectuate a baggage acceptance process responsive to a trigger received from DCS-CM 433 upon checking in a passenger. BPS 437 also provides DCS-FM 435 with data regarding the weight and/or exterior dimensions of each item of baggage or cargo accepted to facilitate load distribution determinations. BPS 437 may also generate baggage records for each item of baggage or cargo accepted and update reservations records stored in a reservation database of reservation system 431 with identifiers corresponding to such baggage records.

Disruption management system 440 provides in-transit travel disruption support to passengers in operating environment 400. In an embodiment, disruption management system 440 provides in-transit travel disruption support to passengers on behalf of a particular travel provider, such as the travel provider that operates provider system 430. In an embodiment, disruption management system 440 provides in-transit travel disruption support to passengers on behalf of an travel alliance group composed of a plurality of independent travel providers. As shown in FIG. 4, disruption management system 440 includes disruption detection service 442, response model trainer 444, and disruption mitigation service 446.

Disruption detection service 442 is configured to detect disruption events that impact one or more segments of an itinerary using data obtained from various fragmented sources in operating environment 400. For purposes of the present disclosure, “data obtained from various fragmented sources” refers to data obtained from two or more elements of operating environment that perform separate and distinct functions or provide different types of information. For example, DCS-CM 433 manages passenger-related operations for a particular travel provider at a specific airport whereas DCS-FM 435 manages logistical-related operations and BPS 437 manages baggage-related operations for the particular travel provider at that specific airport. In this example, data obtained from two or more of DCS-CM 433, DCS-FM 435, and BPS 437 would be considered data obtained from various fragmented sources in operating environment 400.

Similarly, aircraft 410 transports passengers and cargo within an airline route network operated by a travel provider while ATCT 422 provisions a departure slot time to specific aircraft (e.g., aircraft 410) departing from a particular airport. In this case, data obtained from aircraft 410 and ATCT 422 would be considered data obtained from various fragmented sources in operating environment 400.

Also, a TWIP data feed provides weather related information, such as information about any expected weather that will impact airport operations, whereas an ATIS broadcast data feed provides both weather related information and non-weather related information. The non-weather related information provided by the ATIS broadcast data feed may include information related to active runways and available approaches of an airport, as well as an appropriate radio frequency for arriving aircraft to make initial contact with approach control. In this instance, the TWIP and ATIS broadcast data feeds would be considered data obtained from various fragmented sources in operating environment 400.

The following examples illustrate how disruption detection service 442 may detect disruption events using data obtained from various fragmented sources in operating environment 400. In the first example, a disruption event impacting a particular segment may include an aircraft swap that replaces an aircraft originally assigned to service the particular segment with a replacement aircraft following a technical failure of the original aircraft. Disruption detection service 442 may detect this disruption event by monitoring the data exchanged between DCS-FM 435 and an inventory management system of reservation system 431, as the replacement aircraft is identified; or between DCS-FM 435 and DCS-CM 433, as aircraft specification information for the replacement aircraft is provided. The fragment sources in this example include DCS-FM 435, the inventory system of reservation system 431, DCS-CM 433, or a combination thereof.

In another example, a disruption event impacting a particular segment may include a modification of a seat map corresponding to a travel conveyance servicing that segment. Disruption detection service 442 may detect this disruption event by monitoring data exchanged between DCS-FM 435 and an inventory management system of reservation system 431 if the seat map modification arises from an aircraft swap; between DCS-FM 435 and DCS-CM 433, as aircraft specification for a replacement aircraft is provided following the aircraft swap; between DCS-CM 433 and various systems of reservation system 431 (e.g., an inventory management system, a ticketing management system, and/or reservation management system), as part of a seat re-assignment or re-accommodation process; between the various systems of reservation system 431, as various records are updated as part of the seat re-assignment and/or re-accommodation process. The fragment sources in this example include DCS-CM 433, DCS-FM 435, the inventory/reservation/ticketing management systems of reservation system 431, or a combination thereof.

As another example, a disruption event impacting a particular segment may include a delay in a departure time of an aircraft servicing that segment. If the delay is weather related, disruption detection service 442 may detect this disruption event using data (e.g., a NOTAM or a TWIP) obtained from a data feed provided by ATM 420, an updated flight plan sent by FMS 412 to ATCT 422, a third-party server hosting an airline schedule service (e.g., Official Airline Guide, the air travel intelligence company of Luton, England), and the like. The fragment sources in this example include ATM 420, FMS 412, ATCT 422, the airline schedule service hosted by the third-party server, or a combination thereof.

In accordance with aspects of the present invention, additional disruption events may include: an unscheduled stopover location being added, a scheduled stopover location being replaced with an unscheduled stopover location, a change in a cabin class associated with the first segment (or other segments of the itinerary), a ground transfer being added, a modification of the first segment (or other segments of the itinerary) that results in a reduced connection time, a special service request associated with the first segment (or other segments of the itinerary) being unfulfilled, a modification of a seat map corresponding to a travel conveyance servicing the first segment (or other segments of the itinerary), a modification of a seating protocol established by a travel provider operating the travel conveyance, an unscheduled gate change, a wait time for retrieval of checked baggage that exceeds a predefined threshold, and the like. Disruption events may also relate to a travel conveyance servicing an impacted segment being cancelled, delayed, rescheduled, diverted en-route, reassigned, replaced, and the like.

In an embodiment, disruption detection service 442 obtains data by actively monitoring data exchanges between various systems in operating environment 400. In an embodiment, disruption detection service 442 obtains data by intercepting messages or signals exchanged between various systems in operating environment 400. For example, disruption detection service 442 may obtain such data by intercepting an MVA message transmitted by an ACARS system of aircraft 410. As another example, disruption detection service 442 may obtain such data by intercepting an MVT message exchanged between DCS-FM 435 and ATM system 420. In an embodiment, disruption detection service 442 obtains data by subscribing to data feeds provided by one or more systems in operating environment 400.

In response to detecting disruption events, disruption detection service 442 determines record identifiers associated with reservation records that were generated in response to ticketing itineraries that include the impacted segment. To determine these record identifiers, disruption detection service 442 interacts with a reservation management system of reservation system 431. In each of the reservation records associated with these record identifiers, disruption detection service 442 generates a disruption element corresponding to the impacted segment. For purposes of the present disclosure, disruption elements are only generated in reservation records that include itineraries with segments that are impacted by disruption events. As such, reservation records that include itineraries with segments that have not been impacted by disruption events lack disruption elements.

After detecting the disruption event, disruption detection service 442 also determines a difference between a base state of the impacted segment and a state of the impacted segment following the disruption event. The disruption element is populated with data indicative of that difference. When a single segment of an itinerary is impacted by a sequence of disruption events, disruption detection service 442 iteratively updates the disruption element corresponding to that segment each time an additional disruption event is detected. As a result, that disruption element presents an aggregated view of the net difference between the ticketed travel service and the actual travel service delivered by the travel provider.

By way of example, disruption detection service 442 may detect two disruption events impacting a particular segment. Initially, disruption detection service 442 may detect a first delay in a scheduled arrival time of a travel conveyance (e.g., aircraft 410) servicing the impacted segment. After detecting the first disruption event (i.e., the first delay), disruption detection service 442 would generate a disruption element corresponding to the impacted segment, as described above. The disruption element would be populated with data indicative of a difference between a base state of the impacted segment and a state of the impacted segment following the first disruption event. In this instance, the difference would be the difference in the scheduled arrival time following the first delay.

Subsequently, disruption detection service 442 may detect a second delay in the scheduled arrival time of the travel conveyance servicing the impacted segment. Instead of generating a new disruption element corresponding to that second disruption event (i.e., the second delay), disruption detection service 442 would update the existing disruption element. In particular, the existing disruption element would be populated with data indicative of a net difference in the scheduled arrival time relative to the base state of the impacted segment that combines the first delay and the second delay.

If one or more passengers associated with that itinerary is very unfortunate, disruption detection service 442 may also detect a modification of a seat map corresponding to the travel conveyance servicing the impacted segment. As a result of the modification of the seat map, those passengers may be assigned to different seats. For example, when ticketed two passengers associated with that itinerary may have been assigned adjacent seats for the impacted segment. Following the modification of the seat map, the passengers may be re-seated such that one passenger is seated in the front of the aircraft while the other passenger is seated at the rear of the aircraft. As another example, when ticketed one passenger associated with that itinerary may be been assigned to a window seat for the impacted segment. Following the modification of the seat map, the passenger may be re-seated in an aisle seat for the impacted segment. Again, instead of generating a new disruption element corresponding to that third disruption event (i.e., the modification of the seat map), disruption detection service 442 would update the existing disruption element. In particular, the existing disruption element would be populated with data indicative of the seat change due to the modification of the seat map along with the data indicative of the net difference in the scheduled arrival time that combines the first delay and the second delay. In other embodiments, the existing disruption element may be populated with data indicative of unfulfilled special service requests, such as an undelivered special dietary meal (e.g., Hallal) or a service to travel with a pet in the cabin of the travel conveyance.

After the first segment terminates, disruption detection service 442 may later detect a third disruption event that impacts a second segment of the same itinerary that includes the segment impacted by the first and second disruption events. The third disruption event may be a delay in a scheduled arrival time of a travel conveyance servicing the second segment. In response to detecting the third disruption event, disruption detection service 442 would generate a new disruption element corresponding to the second segment in the same reservation record that includes the existing disruption element. Disruption detection service 442 would then determine a difference between a base state of the second segment and a state of the second segment following the third disruption event. The new disruption element would then be populated with data indicative of that difference.

By generating the new disruption element instead of updating the existing disruption element, each disruption element provides a segment-specific record of the disruption events impacting the itinerary. That is, each disruption element presents an aggregated view of the net difference between the ticketed travel service and the actual travel service delivered by the travel provider for a particular segment of the itinerary.

In an embodiment, disruption detection service 442 is configured to identify a root cause of a disruption event using data obtained from the plurality of fragment sources. Examples of a root cause include: a crew delay, a passenger delay, a ground delay, a baggage delay, a tail assignment (e.g., following a malfunction of an aircraft originally assigned), a seasonal schedule change, an ad hoc schedule change, and the like. In an embodiment, disruption detection service 442 is configured to update a disruption element to include an indication of an identified root cause of a disruption event associated with the disruption element.

Response model trainer 444 is configured to compile disruption response datasets using disruption-related data and train disruption response models using such disruption response datasets. As used herein, “disruption-related data” refers to any data indicative of disruption events impacting a segment of an itinerary that is available to disruption detection service 442 or stored in disruption log database 460. In an embodiment, a disruption response dataset includes descriptive data associated with disruption-related data, such as time/date stamps, metadata tags, geographical location data, and the like.

As used herein, “disruption response model” is a machine-learned, predictive model configured to identify at least one mitigation option that reduces a disruption metric by evaluating disruption-related data corresponding to one or more segments of an in-transit itinerary (“in-transit disruption data”). An itinerary is considered “in-transit” during a period of time defined by a check-in time of at least one passenger associated with the itinerary at an origin location and an arrival time of the at least one passenger at a destination location.

Disruption-related data includes any mitigation options corresponding to one or more segments of a previous (i.e., completed) itinerary having at least one segment that was impacted by a disruption event (“post-transit disruption data”). For each impacted segment, post-transit disruption data may include at least one mitigation option that was effectuated during the impacted segment, an estimated travel time of an itinerary including that impacted segment at a time an instruction that effectuated the at least one mitigation option was triggered, and an actual travel time of the itinerary including that impacted segment at a time that itinerary terminated.

Response model trainer 444 trains disruption response models by analyzing disruption response datasets to identify patterns between a mitigation option effectuated during an impacted segment of a particular previous itinerary and a result that was achieved by effectuating the mitigation option. In one example, as a result of effectuating a mitigation option, a disruption metric may be reduced that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the impacted segment. As another example, an overall travel time of the particular previous itinerary was reduced by effectuating the mitigation option.

Disruption response models include one or more disruption-related features (or variables) that together characterize such patterns identified in a disruption response dataset used to train a particular disruption response model. Each disruption-related feature represents a single measurable property or characteristic of a particular previous itinerary, an impacted segment of that previous itinerary, a mitigation option effectuated during that impacted segment, and/or a disruption metric associated with that impacted segment. In an embodiment, a disruption response model may be trained by any machine learning technique.

Response model trainer 444 may select the one or more disruption-related features for inclusion in the disruption response model using a pre-defined statistical threshold, such as a positive or negative correlation threshold. The pre-defined statistical threshold defines a minimal causal relationship that must exist between a particular disruption-related feature and the identified pattern before that disruption-related feature is included in the disruption response model. That is, the pre-defined statistical threshold relates to a statistical significance of the disruption-related feature in determining a result that was achieved by effectuating a particular mitigation option.

Disruption mitigation service 446 is configured to initiate a mitigation response process to thereby reduce a relative impact of disruption events on impacted segments of in-transit itineraries. The mitigation response process is generally initiated when disruption mitigation service 446 receives a notification that a disruption element was created by disruption detection service 442. In an embodiment, the notification is received from disruption detection service 442 or a data sink effectuated by reservation system 431.

Upon receiving a notification, disruption mitigation service 446 accesses a reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the notification to obtain data stored in the disruption element corresponding to an impacted segment. As discussed above, the data stored in a disruption element is indicative of a net difference between a base state of the impacted segment when an itinerary including that segment was ticketed and an actual state of the impacted segment at a time that segment terminates.

Disruption mitigation service 446 determines a disruption metric using the data stored in the disruption element. The disruption metric quantifies a relative impact of disruption event(s) on the impacted segment. In an embodiment, the disruption metric facilitates subjective classification of a relative impact of disruption event(s) into one severity band (or echelon) among a plurality of pre-defined severity bands. In an embodiment, the plurality of pre-defined severity bands are defined by a travel provider servicing the impacted segment.

By way of example, the plurality of pre-defined severity bands may include a minimal disruption band, a moderate disruption band, and a severe disruption band. The minimal disruption band may correspond to situations in which disruption events have little to no impact on a segment (e.g., a 5- to 20-minute delay in departure time). The moderate disruption band may correspond to situations in which disruption events have a noticeable negative impact on a segment (e.g., an hour delay in departure time or a seat-reassignment that results in being reseated from a seat in first-class to a seat in economy class). The severe disruption band may correspond to situations in which disruption events have a substantial negative impact on a segment (e.g., an unscheduled overnight stay at a scheduled stopover location).

Disruption mitigation service 446 is further configured to identify at least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options using a disruption response model. In accordance with aspects of the present invention, mitigation options include: providing an alternative travel arrangement that reduces an overall travel time of an itinerary including the impacted segment, upgrading a seating assignment for a segment of that itinerary following the impacted segment, upgrading a cabin class of a segment of that itinerary following the impacted segment, sending an apology message, sending an offer that is redeemable for future travel at a reduced fare, granting access to a lounge associated with a travel provider servicing the impacted segment, granting priority on a waitlist subsequent to the impacted segment, flagging that itinerary to notify agents of a travel provider servicing the impacted segment that a passenger associated with the itinerary is entitled to preferential treatment, refunding a portion of a fare paid for that itinerary, and the like.

To identify the at least one mitigation option, disruption mitigation service 446 maps in-transit disruption data to one or more disruption-related features of a disruption response model, as specified by response model trainer 444. The in-transit disruption data includes disruption-related data received from a reservation record associated with the impacted segment, disruption detection service 442, one or more of the plurality of fragment sources providing the data that disruption detection service 442 used to detect a disruption event associated with the received notification, or combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, the one or more disruption-related features may include a disruption-related feature that requires data corresponding to results of a root-cause analysis. That disruption-related feature may facilitate identifying at least one mitigation option that provides an appropriate response in view of an underlying root cause of a disruption event that impacted the segment. In some instances, an underlying root cause of a disruption event may not be within the control of a travel provider servicing the impacted segment. For example, the underlying cause may correspond to an unforeseen weather event. In other instances, an underlying root cause of a disruption event may be within the control of a travel provider servicing the impacted segment. For example, the underlying cause may correspond to an oversold flight. When an underlying root cause is within the control of the travel provider, an appropriate response may involve mitigation options of a greater pecuniary value than would be appropriate when an underlying root cause is external to that travel provider's control. In this embodiment, disruption mitigation service 446 may obtain the data corresponding to the results of a root-cause analysis by interacting with disruption detection service 442 which performs the root-cause analysis, as described above.

In an embodiment, disruption mitigation service 446 converts at least a subset of the in-transit disruption data into an appropriate format for mapping to disruption-related features, as specified by response model trainer 444. For example, at least a subset of the in-transit disruption data may be received as digital data, yet response model trainer 444 specified analog data as being an appropriate format for mapping to disruption-related features. In this example, disruption mitigation service 446 would convert the subset of the in-transit disruption data from a digital format to an analog format. As another example, at least a subset of the in-transit disruption data may be received in a matrix format, yet response model trainer 444 specified a vector format as being an appropriate format for mapping to disruption-related features. In this example, disruption mitigation service 446 would convert the subset of the in-transit disruption data from the matrix format into the vector format.

In response to disruption mitigation service 446 mapping the in-transit disruption data to the one or more disruption-related features, the disruption response model outputs at least one mitigation option that reduces the determined disruption metric. For example, the disruption response model may output an alternative travel arrangement for a segment following the impacted segment. In an embodiment, the disruption response model also provides an estimated result that will be achieved by effectuating the at least one mitigation option. Continuing with the previous example, the disruption response model may provide an estimated reduction in an overall travel time of an itinerary including the impacted segment if the alternative travel arrangement is effectuated. In an embodiment, the disruption response model may output statistical information regarding the estimated result, such as a confidence score, a variance metric, a central tendency value, a probability distribution function, and the like. With respect to the previous example, the disruption response model may output such statistical information as a confidence score that quantifies a likelihood of the estimated reduction in the overall travel time coinciding with an actual reduction in the overall travel time.

Upon obtaining the at least one mitigation option from the disruption response model, disruption mitigation service 446 is configured to trigger an instruction that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option. For example, if the at least one mitigation option includes upgrading a seating assignment for a subsequent segment of the itinerary, the remote service may be executing on a DCS-CM (e.g., DCS-CM 433) associated with a travel provider servicing the subsequent segment. In this example, by triggering an instruction, disruption mitigation service 446 causes the DCS-CM to upgrade the seating assignment for the subsequent segment (e.g., from a seat in an economy cabin to a seat in a first class cabin). After effectuating the seating assignment upgrade, the DCS-CM may update a seat map for a travel conveyance servicing the subsequent segment (e.g., aircraft 410). The DCS-CM may also forward the updated seat map to an FMS (e.g., FMS 412) of the travel conveyance. In an embodiment, disruption mitigation service 446 is configured to trigger the instruction prior to a time the impacted segment terminates.

In an embodiment, disruption mitigation service 446 compares the determined disruption metric to a threshold value before triggering the instruction to effectuate the at least one identified mitigation option. The threshold value may be based on how much advance notice of a disruption event was provided, a ratio of a net difference in a scheduled arrival time of an impacted segment provided by a disruption element to an overall travel time of the impacted segment, a composite disruption metric stored in a user profile associated with an itinerary including the impacted segment, a pecuniary value of any prior compensations associated with that itinerary, a loyalty program status level associated with that itinerary, a cabin class associated with the impacted segment, a root cause of the disruption event(s), eligibility to access a lounge associated with a travel provider servicing the impacted segment, frequency of travel conveyances servicing the impacted segment, and the like. In an embodiment, the threshold value may be based on any combination of the previous factors.

On occasion, disruption mitigation service 446 may receive multiple notifications related to a single itinerary. For example, disruption mitigation service 446 may receive a first notification that identifies a first disruption element corresponding to a first segment of an itinerary. After receiving the first notification, disruption mitigation service 446 may receive a second notification that identifies a second disruption element corresponding to a second segment of the itinerary. In an embodiment, disruption mitigation service 446 is configured to flag a reservation record generated in a reservation database in response to a ticketing of the itinerary for expedited handling. In an embodiment, disruption mitigation service 446 is configured to transmit an instruction to a reservation management system that manages the reservation database to effectuate the flagging of the reservation record. In an embodiment, disruption mitigation service 446 is configured to transmit an alert configured to elicit further action by an agent of a travel provider servicing the second segment. For example, disruption mitigation service 446 may transmit an alert to a workstation of a gate agent at an arrival location of the second segment that asks the gate agent to apologize to the passenger upon arrival. As another example, disruption mitigation service 446 may transmit an alert to an FMS (e.g., FMS 412) of a travel conveyance that asks a service member on the travel conveyance to bring the passenger a complimentary alcoholic beverage. In an embodiment, flagging the reservation record may grant disruption mitigation system 446 with access to additional mitigation options that were previously unavailable.

In an embodiment, disruption management system 440 is configured to identify an identifier corresponding to a user profile associated with an itinerary that includes an impacted segment. The identifier corresponding to the user profile may be identified using information obtained from a reservation record generated in response to a ticketing of the itinerary. For example, the user profile may be associated with a frequent flyer program provided by a travel provider. The user profile may be populated with a composite disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of historical disruption events that have previously impacted segments associated with the itinerary. Disruption management system 440 generates the composite disruption metric using data obtained from disruption elements in reservation records that correspond to those previously impacted segments.

Referring to FIG. 5, an example process 500 for in-transit detection and mitigation of transportation service disruptions in the travel industry is illustrated. In an embodiment, process 500 is effectuated by disruption mitigation service 446 of FIG. 4, as it effectuates a mitigation response process to reduce a relative impact of disruption events on impacted segments of in-transit itineraries.

At block 502, a notification is received that identifies a disruption element created in response to detection of a first disruption event that impacts a first segment of an itinerary. In an embodiment, the first disruption event is detected using data obtained from a plurality of fragmented sources. In an embodiment, the notification is received from a disruption detection service (e.g., disruption detection service 442 of FIG. 4). In an embodiment, the notification is received from a data sink effectuated by a reservation system (e.g., a reservation management system of reservation system 431 of FIG. 4).

At block 504, a reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the notification is accessed to obtain data stored in the disruption element. The reservation record is generated in a reservation database in response to reserving the itinerary. The data stored in the disruption element is indicative of a net difference between a base state of the first segment at a time of the ticketing and an actual state of the first segment at a time the first segment terminates.

At block 506, a disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the first segment is determined using the data stored in the disruption element. In an embodiment, the disruption metric facilitates subjective classification of a relative impact of disruption event(s) into one severity band (or echelon) among a plurality of pre-defined severity bands. In an embodiment, the disruption metric is determined using any in-transit disruption data. Such in-transit data may include disruption-related data received from the reservation record, a disruption detection service, one or more of the plurality of fragment sources providing the data that the disruption detection service used to detect the disruption event associated with the received notification, or combinations thereof.

At block 508, at least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric is identified. In an embodiment, an overall travel time of the itinerary is reduced by effectuating that at least one mitigation option. At block 510, an instruction is triggered that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option. In an embodiment, the remote service is executing on a DCS-CM, a DCS-FM, a FMS, a BPS, a customer management system of a travel provider servicing the impacted segment, and/or a provider system of a code share partner of the travel provider servicing the impacted segment.

Having described various embodiments of the invention, an exemplary computing environment suitable for implementing embodiments of the invention is now described. With reference to FIG. 6, client device 110, PRS 120, GRS 130, reservation system 200, search engine 220, inventory management system 230, reservation management system 240, ticket management system 250, FMS 412, ATM system 420, ATCT 422, provider system 430, reservation system 431, DCS-CM 433, DCS-FM 435, BPS 437, and disruption management system 440 may be implemented on one or more computer devices or systems, such as exemplary computer system 600. The computer system 600 may include a processor 626, a memory 628, a mass storage memory device 630, an input/output (I/O) interface 632, and a Human Machine Interface (HMI) 634. The computer system 600 may also be operatively coupled to one or more external resources 636 via the network 623 or I/O interface 632. External resources may include, but are not limited to, servers, databases, mass storage devices, peripheral devices, cloud-based network services, or any other suitable computer resource that may be used by the computer system 600.

The processor 626 may include one or more devices selected from microprocessors, micro-controllers, digital signal processors, microcomputers, central processing units, field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, state machines, logic circuits, analog circuits, digital circuits, or any other devices that manipulate signals (analog or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in the memory 628. The memory 628 may include a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices including, but not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), flash memory, cache memory, or any other device capable of storing information. The mass storage memory device 630 may include data storage devices such as a hard drive, optical drive, tape drive, non-volatile solid state device, or any other device capable of storing information.

The processor 626 may operate under the control of an operating system 638 that resides in the memory 628. The operating system 638 may manage computer resources so that computer program code embodied as one or more computer software applications, such as an application 640 residing in memory 628, may have instructions executed by the processor 626. In an alternative embodiment, the processor 626 may execute the application 640 directly, in which case the operating system 638 may be omitted. One or more data structures 642 may also reside in memory 628, and may be used by the processor 626, operating system 638, or application 640 to store or manipulate data.

The I/O interface 632 may provide a machine interface that operatively couples the processor 626 to other devices and systems, such as the network 623 or the one or more external resources 636. The application 640 may thereby work cooperatively with the network 623 or the external resources 636 by communicating via the I/O interface 632 to provide the various features, functions, applications, processes, or modules comprising embodiments of the invention. The application 640 may also have program code that is executed by the one or more external resources 636, or otherwise rely on functions or signals provided by other system or network components external to the computer system 600. Indeed, given the nearly endless hardware and software configurations possible, persons having ordinary skill in the art will understand that embodiments of the invention may include applications that are located externally to the computer system 600, distributed among multiple computers or other external resources 636, or provided by computing resources (hardware and software) that are provided as a service over the network 623, such as a cloud computing service.

The HMI 634 may be operatively coupled to the processor 626 of computer system 600 in a known manner to allow a user to interact directly with the computer system 600. The HMI 634 may include video or alphanumeric displays, a touch screen, a speaker, and any other suitable audio and visual indicators capable of providing data to the user. The HMI 634 may also include input devices and controls such as an alphanumeric keyboard, a pointing device, keypads, pushbuttons, control knobs, microphones, etc., capable of accepting commands or input from the user and transmitting the entered input to the processor 626.

A database 644 may reside on the mass storage memory device 630, and may be used to collect and organize data used by the various systems and modules described herein. Inventory database 235, reservation database 245, ticket database 255, and disruption log database 460 may be implemented using one or more databases, such as database 644. The database 644 may include data and supporting data structures that store and organize the data. In particular, the database 644 may be arranged with any database organization or structure including, but not limited to, a relational database, a hierarchical database, a network database, or combinations thereof. A database management system in the form of a computer software application executing as instructions on the processor 626 may be used to access the information or data stored in records of the database 644 in response to a query, where a query may be dynamically determined and executed by the operating system 638, other applications 640, or one or more modules.

In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the invention, whether implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, object, module or sequence of instructions, or even a subset thereof, may be referred to herein as “computer program code,” or simply “program code.” Program code typically comprises computer readable instructions that are resident at various times in various memory and storage devices in a computer and that, when read and executed by one or more processors in a computer, cause that computer to perform the operations necessary to execute operations and/or elements embodying the various aspects of the embodiments of the invention. Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the embodiments of the invention may be, for example, assembly language or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages.

The program code embodied in any of the applications/modules described herein is capable of being individually or collectively distributed as a program product in a variety of different forms. In particular, the program code may be distributed using a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the embodiments of the invention.

Computer readable storage media, which is inherently non-transitory, may include volatile and non-volatile, and removable and non-removable tangible media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer readable storage media may further include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other solid state memory technology, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired information and which can be read by a computer. A computer readable storage medium should not be construed as transitory signals per se (e.g., radio waves or other propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a transmission media such as a waveguide, or electrical signals transmitted through a wire). Computer readable program instructions may be downloaded to a computer, another type of programmable data processing apparatus, or another device from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network.

Computer readable program instructions stored in a computer readable medium may be used to direct a computer, other types of programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions that implement the functions/acts specified in the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and/or block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided to one or more processors of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the one or more processors, cause a series of computations to be performed to implement the functions and/or acts specified in the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and/or block diagrams.

In certain alternative embodiments, the functions and/or acts specified in the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and/or block diagrams may be re-ordered, processed serially, and/or processed concurrently without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the invention. Moreover, any of the flowcharts, sequence diagrams, and/or block diagrams may include more or fewer blocks than those illustrated consistent with embodiments of the invention.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, “comprised of”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.”

While all of the invention has been illustrated by a description of various embodiments and while these embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the Applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. The invention in its broader aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and method, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the Applicant's general inventive concept. 

What is claimed:
 1. A system comprising: a computing device; and a computer-readable storage medium comprising a first set of instructions that upon execution by the computing device cause the system to: receive a notification that identifies a disruption element created in response to detection of a first disruption event that impacts a first segment of an itinerary; access a reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the notification to obtain data stored in the disruption element, the reservation record generated in a reservation database in response to reserving the itinerary, the data stored in the disruption element storing being indicative of a net difference between a base state of the first segment at a time of a ticketing of the itinerary and an actual state of the first segment at a time that the first segment terminates; determine a disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the first segment using the data stored in the disruption element; identify at least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric; and trigger an instruction that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instruction is triggered prior to the time that the first segment terminates.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer-readable storage medium further comprises a second set of instructions that upon execution by the computing device further cause the system to: compare the disruption metric to a threshold value before triggering the instruction, wherein the instruction is triggered in response to determining that the threshold value is met.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the threshold value is based on how much advance notice of the first disruption event was provided, a ratio of a net difference in a scheduled arrival time of the first segment provided by the disruption element to an overall travel time of the first segment, a composite disruption metric stored in a user profile associated with the itinerary, a pecuniary value of any prior compensations associated with the itinerary, a loyalty program status level associated with the itinerary, a cabin class associated with the first segment, a root cause of the first disruption event, eligibility to access a lounge associated with a travel provider servicing the first segment, frequency of travel conveyances servicing the first segment, or a combination thereof.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein an overall travel time of the itinerary is reduced by effectuating the at least one mitigation option.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein a predictive model trained using a disruption log database identifies the at least one mitigation option, the disruption log database composed of disruption-related data associated with previous itineraries.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the computer-readable storage medium further comprises a second set of instructions that upon execution by the computing device further cause the system to: determine an estimated travel time of the itinerary at a time the instruction is triggered and an actual travel time of the itinerary at a time that the itinerary terminates, the estimated travel time of the itinerary based on the data stored in the disruption element at the time the instruction is triggered; and update the disruption log database with the estimated travel time, the actual travel time, and the at least one mitigation option.
 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the second set of instructions upon execution by the computing device further cause the system to: analyze the disruption log database to assign a weight to a disruption-related feature that reflects a statistical significance of the disruption-related feature in determining a relative impact of disruption events on itinerary segments.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of mitigation options are defined by a travel provider servicing the first segment.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of mitigation options include: providing an alternative travel arrangement that reduces an overall travel time of the itinerary, upgrading a seating assignment for a second segment of the itinerary, upgrading a cabin class of a second segment of the itinerary, sending an apology message, sending an offer that is redeemable for future travel at a reduced fare, granting access to a lounge associated with a travel provider servicing the first segment, granting priority on waitlists, flagging the itinerary to notify agents of a travel provider servicing the first segment that a passenger associated with the itinerary is entitled to preferential treatment, refunding a portion of a fare paid for the itinerary, or a combination thereof.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the first disruption event is detected using data obtained from a plurality of fragmented sources.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of fragmented sources include a customer management departure control system (“DCS-CM”) associated with a travel provider servicing the first segment, a flight management departure control system (“DCS-FM”) associated with the travel provider, an inventory system associated with the travel provider, or a combination thereof.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the notification is received from a data sink effectuated by a reservation system hosting the reservation database.
 14. A method comprising: receiving a first notification that identifies a first disruption element created in response to detection of a first disruption event that impacts a first segment of an itinerary; accessing a reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the first notification to obtain data stored in the first disruption element, the reservation record generated in a reservation database in response to reserving the itinerary, the data stored in the first disruption element storing being indicative of a net difference between a base state of the first segment at a time of a ticketing of the itinerary and an actual state of the first segment at a time that the first segment terminates; determining a disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the first segment using the data stored in the first disruption element; identifying at least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric; and triggering an instruction that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: receiving a second notification that identifies a second disruption element created in response to detection of a second disruption event that impacts a second segment of the itinerary; and in response to receiving the second notification, flagging the reservation record for expedited handling.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein flagging the reservation record grants access to additional mitigation options not among the plurality of mitigation options.
 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: in response to flagging the reservation record, transmitting an alert configured to elicit further action by an agent of a travel provider servicing the second segment.
 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first disruption event is a delay in an arrival time of a travel conveyance servicing the first segment, an unscheduled stopover location being added, a scheduled stopover location being replaced with an unscheduled stopover location, a change in a cabin class associated with the first segment, a ground transfer being added, a modification of the first segment that results in a reduced connection time, a special service request associated with the first segment being unfulfilled, a modification of a seat map corresponding to a travel conveyance servicing the first segment, a modification of a seating protocol established by a travel provider operating the travel conveyance, or a combination thereof.
 19. The method of claim 14, wherein identifying the at least one mitigation option among the plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric further includes: performing a root-cause analysis on data stored in the first disruption element.
 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising computer-readable instructions that upon execution by a processor of a computing device cause the computing device to: receive a notification that identifies a disruption element created in response to detection of a first disruption event that impacts a first segment of an itinerary; access a reservation record associated with a record identifier included in the notification to obtain data stored in the disruption element, the reservation record generated in a reservation database in response to reserving the itinerary, the data stored in the disruption element storing being indicative of a net difference between a base state of the first segment at a time of a ticketing of the itinerary and an actual state of the first segment at a time that the first segment terminates; determine a disruption metric that quantifies a relative impact of disruption events on the first segment using the data stored in the disruption element; identify at least one mitigation option among a plurality of mitigation options that reduces the disruption metric; and trigger an instruction that causes a remote service to effectuate the at least one mitigation option. 